Ocena tveganja za levkemije zaradi nizkofrekvenčnega magnetnega polja pri slovenskih otrocih in mladostnikih Evaluation of risk of leukaemias for exposure to low frequency magnetic field in Slovenian children and adolescents

Povzetek

Izhodišča: Raziskave kažejo, da bi lahko nizkofrekvenčno magnetno polje (NF MP) gostote več kot 0,4 µT povečalo tveganje za nastanek otroških levkemij. Raziskali smo to tveganje zaradi izpostavljenosti NF MP zaradi bivanja v bližini daljnovodov in transformatorskih postaj v Sloveniji.
Metode: Iz Registra raka Republike Slovenije smo pridobili georeferencirane podatke za vse otroke in mladostnike, stare 0–19 let, zbolele z levkemijo v letih 2005–2016, ter za referenčno populacijo vseh enako starih otrok in mladostnikov. Razdelili smo jih v pet skupin glede na izpostavljenost NF MP v okolici daljnovodov in transformatorskih postaj. Za oceno izpostavljenosti NF MP smo uporabili modelirane vrednosti na drobni prostorski mreži. Relativno tveganje za levkemije smo ocenili s standardiziranim količnikom incidence. Dodatno smo raziskali časovni trend pojavljanja levkemij v obdobju 1967–2016 ter geografsko razporejanje.
Rezultati: V letih 1967–2016 je za levkemijami zbolelo 841 otrok in mladostnikov (16 na leto). V letih 2005–2016 je velika večina vseh otrok in mladostnikov (99,5 %) v Sloveniji živela na območjih z NF MP, manjšim od 0,1 μT. Med 195 primeri levkemij se je v 0,1 ≤ NF MP < 0,2 µT blizu daljnovodov razvrstil eden (SKI = 2,4, IZ: 0,1−13,3), v bližini transformatorskih postaj pa pet primerov (SKI = 3,0; IZ: 0,97−7,0). V področju gostote NF MP, večje od 0,2 μT, ni bilo zbolelih. Levkemije se niso statistično značilno geografsko razporejale.
Zaključki: V Sloveniji nobenega primera levkemij med slovenskimi otroci in mladostniki, starimi do vključno 19 let, ki živijo v okolici daljnovodov in transformatorskih postaj, ne moremo pripisati vplivu izpostavljenosti NF MP.

Abstract (Eng)

Introduction: Some studies show that low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MF) of density more than 0.4µT could pose higher risk of leukaemias in children. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of leukaemias in children and adolescents, exposed to LF-MF by living near power lines and transformer stations in Slovenia.
Methods: From Slovenian Cancer Registry, the georeferenced data on children and adolescents (aged 0–19 years) with leukaemias and reference population in years 2005–2016 was obtained. Cohorts were distributed into five groups by exposure to LF-MF near power lines and transformer stations. For estimating exposure we used modelled values on a fine spatial grid. The relative risk of leukaemias was estimated by standardised incidence ratio. Additionally we investigated time trends in period 1967–2016 and geographical distribution.
Results: In 1967–2016, there were 841 children and adolescents with leukaemias (16 per year). In 2005–2016, the majority of population (99.5%) was not exposed to LF-MF higher than 0.1μT. Out of 195 leukaemias, one person lived in area with 0.1 ≤ LF-MF < 0.2µT near power lines (SIR=2.4, CI 0.1−13.3) and five cases near transformer stations (SIR=3.0, CI 0.97−7.0). There were no cases of leukemias in the exposure area of LF-MF density more than 0.2μT. There was no significant geographical distribution.
Conclusions: In Slovenia, none of the cases of leukaemias in children and adolescents could be attributed to exposure to LF-MF near power lines and transformer stations.