Sindrom zgornje vene kave Superior vena cava syndrome

Abstract

Sindrom zgornje vene kave (SZVK) nastane zaradi zapore pretoka krvi skozi zgornjo veno kavo (ZVK), ki jo povzroči pritisk od zunaj, vraščanje tumorske mase v žilno steno ali tromboza. Večinoma je vzrok za nastanek SZVK maligna bolezen, vse pomembnejši vzrok pa postaja tromboza ZVK zaradi uporabe venskih katetrov. Čeprav so simptomi zapore ZVK lahko zelo hudi, navadno ne gre za življenje ogrožujoče stanje. Glavni simptomi so težko dihanje, otekanje v obraz in zgornji del telesa, suh kašelj in cianoza. Zdravljenje je vzročno in ni upravičeno pred postavitvijo histološke diagnoze. Uporabljamo obsevanje, kemoterapijo, trombolitično zdravljenje in interventne radiološke posege. Prognoza bolnikov je odvisna od vzroka nastanka SZVK in njihovega odgovora na zdravljenje.

Abstract (Eng)

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) results from the compression of the superior vena cava (SVC) by a surrounding tumor, invasion of the vein by tumor masses or thrombosis. The most common cause of SVCS is malignant disease. More recently, the incidence of SVCS due to catheter related thrombosis has increased. Althouh the symptoms of the VCS occlusion can be very dramatic, it is usually not a life-threatening condition. The most common symptoms are dyspnea, facial and upper body edema, cough and cyanosis. Treatment depends on the aetiology of the obstructive process and should not be undertaken until a diagnoses is obtained. It may include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, thrombolytic therapy or interventional radiologic techniques. The prognosis of patients correlates with the prognosis of the underlying disease and response to treatment.